Hypertension in Pregnancy Treatment
You may recall seeing the case of Arlene Burke of Amarillo who
got preeclampsia. It was diagnosed in the third trimester. And it
was complicated by hepatic swelling.
Her physician had some important difficult decisions to make.
Fortunately Dr. Lynch was able to make the right decisions and
things turned out alright for mom and baby.
The treatments that Dr. Lynch had to choose from included
medication, hospitalization and early delivery of the baby through
pitosin or C-section.
Several types of treatment are still considered even though
there is no proof that they work. Those include restricting
activity and dietary changes. Supplemental calcium, salt
restriction, supplemental magnesium, and fish oil therapy have been
tried without evidence of helping. There is some evidence that low
dose aspirin does help.
Medications used for hypertension in pregnancy include
Alpha-adrenergic inhibitors such as Methyldopa (Aldomet), Centrally
acting alpha-adrenergic agonists such as Clonidine (Catapres),
Diuretics such as Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, HydroDIURIL) and
Furosemide (Lasix), Vasodilators like Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
and Hydralazine (Apresoline) and Anticonvulsants like (Phenytoin
(Dilantin) and Magnesium sulfate.
The Alpha-adrenergic inhibitors are probably the safest during
pregnancy and are usually the first medication most doctors would
use. If there is an allergy to the medicine or liver problems it is
not as safe. But, there has not been any studies that show any harm
to the baby.
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers include some medications that
are very safe and some not quite as safe. The safe ones can also be
the first choice for treatment.
Calcium channel blockers may not be as safe. They have been
labled 'C' because their safety for use in pregnancy has not been
proven.
Centrally acting alpha-adrenergic agonists are usually saved for
use in those that can't take the more frequently used medications.
Like the calcium channel blockers, it has not been proven safe in
pregnancy. (However, that does not mean they should not be used -
but you should discuss it with your doctor.)
Diuretics also have a 'C' rating so their use is limited to
cases where your doctor has determined that other safer drugs
cannot be used and your high blood pressure is dangerous to you or
your baby.
Vasodilators have to be given intravenously so are restricted to
in hospital use. Therefore, you have to have pretty bad
hypertension problems to have these used.
The seizure medications include the only medication in the group
with an 'A' rating meaning that it is absolutely safe in pregnancy.
That is magnesium sulfate. This is used in women who have severe
pregnancy induced hypertension (eclampsia or preeclampsia) to
prevent any dangerous seizures.
Naturally, any of these medicines need to be used under your
physician's care and frequent follow-up will be required.
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